What does the term "coefficient of performance" (COP) indicate in heat pump systems?

The term "coefficient of performance" (COP) is a critical measure used to evaluate the efficiency of heat pump systems. Specifically, it quantifies the ratio of heating or cooling output to the energy input required to produce that output. In practical terms, a higher COP indicates that the heat pump is providing more heating or cooling energy for each unit of electrical energy consumed, demonstrating greater efficiency.

For instance, a COP of 4 means that for every unit of energy consumed, the system delivers four units of heating or cooling. This metric plays a vital role in comparing different heat pump systems and understanding their operational efficiency, allowing users to make informed decisions regarding energy usage and cost-effectiveness.

While the environmental impact, age, and operating cost of a heat pump are relevant considerations in the broader context of heat pump operation, they do not directly reflect the system's efficiency as represented by the COP.