Explain the difference between "sensible heat" and "latent heat".

Sensible heat refers to the heat energy that causes a change in temperature of a substance without changing its phase. When heat is added to a substance, its temperature will rise until it reaches a phase change point, such as melting or boiling. This temperature increase can be measured with a thermometer; hence it is associated with a temperature change detectable by a change in the substance's temperature.

Latent heat, on the other hand, is the heat energy absorbed or released during a phase change, such as when ice melts into water or water vaporizes into steam, without a change in temperature during the process. This is crucial in many applications, including thermal energy storage and various phase change materials.

The correct option accurately distinguishes between the two concepts by stating that sensible heat is associated with temperature changes, while latent heat is specifically related to phase changes where the temperature remains constant despite the energy transfer. Understanding these definitions is essential in fields such as thermodynamics and HVAC systems, where heat management is fundamental.

Other options misinterpret the fundamental concepts, leading to inaccuracies that could hinder comprehension of thermal dynamics in practical applications.